Citric Acid is a weak organic acid. It is a commodity chemical which is produced more than a million tones every year by the process of fermentation. At room temperature, it is crystalline white powder. The discovery of citric acid dates back in the 8th century. However, industrial production of citric acid began in 1890. Pfizer was the first industry to begin industrial-level production. Citric acid in dry powdered form is sold in markets and groceries as “sour salt”. It is naturally found in citric fruits. The bitterness in taste of lemons and limes is because they have high concentration of citric acid (as high as 8% of the dry weight).

It acts as chelating agent and bonds easily with metals and minerals. The knack of citric acid to bond with other minerals is useful in softening water. About 50% of the world's citric acid production is used as flavor enhancers for beverages, while another 19% goes into food. About 15% is consumed in detergent production, 8% in pharmaceuticals, and 8% in industrial applications. It is used as a flavoring in many preparations of Vitamin C and as an additive in various soft drinks. It is bitter and hence it is used to make candy sour. The buffering properties of citrates are used to control pH in household cleaners and pharmaceuticals. Citric acid is common ingredients in cosmetics and other personal care products. Vitamin C is thought as an antioxidant and can help rejuvenate skin and reduce the look of aging by stimulating new skin growth and destroying free radicals. The buffering properties of citric acid are used to control pH in household cleaners and medicines.

Citric acid finds its application in numerous pharmaceutical products. However, too much intake may cause various health problems. The most common symptom of overdose of citric acid is stomach cramps, loss of appetite, increased swelling and sweating in or around abdominal and stomach area. It may also It may also erode tooth enamel making teeth more susceptible to sensitivity and possible cavities. Citric acid is naturally present in almost all forms of life, and excess citric acid is readily metabolized and eliminated from the body. Overall, citric acid, when taken in proper quantity, has no particular harm as such and is also useful in variety of applications in the world.